Have you ever encountered a ramp that led straight to a door without any landing at its base? It may have caused you to stumble or lose your balance, and with good reason – ramps without landings are inherently unstable and dangerous. Whether it’s a sidewalk ramp for pedestrians or a ramp leading to a house, landings are an essential component of ramp design.
But do ramps really need landings and, if so, why are they considered important? For starters, a landing provides a stable base for individuals to step onto before proceeding up or down the ramp. This has particular importance for individuals with mobility issues or those using assistive devices such as wheelchairs. Apart from providing stability, landings also create an area for individuals to safely enter or exit buildings or cross streets. So, it’s crucial to have properly designed and constructed landings to provide a safe and secure path for everyone.
The importance of landings on ramps cannot be emphasized enough. From creating stable platforms for users to providing an area to safely enter buildings, they serve as an essential safety measure. However, it is up to designers and builders to prioritize landing design, construction, and maintenance as an integral part of ramp projects. The next time you encounter a ramp without a landing, let it serve as a reminder of the critical role that landings play in ensuring everyone has safe access to public spaces.
Definition of Ramp and Landing
Ramps are sloped surfaces that allow individuals with limited mobility, such as those who use wheelchairs, walkers, or crutches, to access spaces that are not accessible via stairs or steps. Ramps provide an incline or decline that allows wheeled mobility devices to move safely and efficiently.
Landings, on the other hand, are flat areas at the top and bottom of ramps or between sections of the ramp where users can rest, change direction, or enter and exit a building. They serve as a transition between the sloping ramp and the adjacent ground or building floor.
- A ramp without a landing creates a hazardous condition because it does not provide a safe area for individuals to rest, change direction, or exit the ramp.
- Ramps with multiple segments require landings at the bottom, top, and between each segment to help users navigate the slope safely and minimize fatigue.
- Landings must be level, with a slope of no more than 1:50, and have dimensions that allow individuals with mobility devices to turn around or maneuver as needed.
When designing ramps and landings, it’s important to follow accessibility guidelines and regulations to ensure the safety and independence of all users. By providing properly designed ramps and landings, we can create a more inclusive and barrier-free world.
References:
| Source | Title | Link |
|---|---|---|
| United States Access Board | ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) | https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/guide-to-the-ada-standards/chapter-4-ramps-and-curb-ramps/ |
| Australian Government | Access to Premises Standards | https://www.accessibility.org.au/content/australian-disability-access-ramp-standards |
Legal Requirements for Ramps and Landings
When it comes to building a ramp, it’s essential to ensure that it meets all legal requirements. One critical aspect is the landing area at the top and bottom of the ramp. The landing is a horizontal platform that can accommodate the wheelchair user, allowing them to safely enter or exit the ramp.
Here’s an in-depth explanation of the legal requirements for ramps and landings:
- The landing should be at least 60 inches in length and as wide as the ramp leading up to it. This gives enough room for a wheelchair user to safely maneuver to transition onto or off the ramp.
- If a ramp has a rise greater than 6 inches or a length greater than 72 inches, it must have a level landing. This ensures that the ramp is safe to use as the landing provides a stable platform for transitioning onto or off the ramp.
- The landing should be at the same level as the floor or ground surface to prevent any tripping hazards. If there is a difference in height between the landing and the floor, it should be no more than ¼ inch to avoid a trip hazard.
It’s important to note that these requirements are set by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards for Accessible Design. These standards ensure that people with disabilities have equal access to places of public accommodation, commercial facilities, and state and local government facilities.
Below is a table outlining the minimum landing sizes required by the ADA:
| Doorway Width | Minimum Platform Length (inches) | Minimum Platform Width (inches) |
|---|---|---|
| 32 inches | 48 inches | 36 inches |
| 36 inches | 48 inches | 36 inches |
| 42 inches | 60 inches | 36 inches |
As you can see from the table, the size of the landing platform is dependent on the width of the doorway it is attached to. These requirements ensure that wheelchair users have enough space to navigate the landing safely and comfortably.
Benefits of Incorporating Landings in Ramp Design
Landings are a crucial element in ramp design that should never be overlooked, as they offer various benefits that enhance the accessibility and safety of a ramp. Here are some of the reasons why incorporating landings in ramp design is crucial:
- Increased safety: Landings provide a level surface where a user can rest or change direction if necessary, reducing the risk of falls, slips, or other accidents. They also make it safer for wheelchair users to maneuver around obstacles or obstacles on the ramp.
- Better accessibility: Landings make it easier for people using wheelchairs, walkers, or other mobility aids to navigate the ramp. In addition, they allow users to stop and rest if needed, especially if the ramp is steep or long.
- Compliance with ADA guidelines: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that landings must be provided for every 30 inches of vertical rise and must be at least 60 inches wide. Therefore, including landings in ramp design is necessary to ensure compliance with ADA guidelines.
Improved Safety
Landings provide a critical safety feature for ramps by offering a flat surface where users can rest or make turns. By providing a level surface, landings reduce the risk of falls or slips, especially when individuals are tired or when the ramp is wet. Moreover, landings are essential for wheelchair users who require enough space to change direction or navigate around obstacles. By allowing users to stop, rest, or adjust their direction on a level surface, landings enhance the safety of individuals using the ramp.
Enhanced Accessibility
A well-designed ramp should be easy to navigate for all users, including those with mobility aids. Landings are instrumental in ensuring that ramps are user-friendly for all individuals. For instance, a user in a wheelchair may require extra space to maneuver around turns or obstacles. The addition of landings ensures that wheelchair users have adequate space to turn or pause, making the ramp more user-friendly. Additionally, landings provide users with an opportunity to rest, which is especially important for individuals with limited mobility. Therefore, incorporating landings in ramp design ensures that the ramp is accessible for all individuals.
Compliance with ADA Guidelines
Including landings in ramp design is a mandatory requirement under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). According to ADA guidelines, landings should be provided for every 30 inches of vertical rise and must be at least 60 inches wide. Moreover, landings must be level, slip-resistant, and have a slope no steeper than 1:48. Therefore, including landings in ramp design is a vital step that ensures compliance with ADA guidelines.
| Vertical Rise (inches) | Required Landing Size (inches) |
|---|---|
| 0-30 | 60×60 |
| 31-60 | 60×60 |
| 61-100 | 60×60 |
| 101-144 | 60×60 |
As shown in the table above, the required landing size increases as the vertical rise of the ramp increases. Therefore, incorporating landings in ramp design ensures that all ramps are ADA-compliant and safe for all users.
Types of Landings for Ramps
If you’re planning on building a ramp, there are a few things you must consider before you start. One of these factors is the type of landing you’ll need. A landing is a flat, level area at the transition point between the ramp and the rest of the structure. It provides a safe, stable area where users can rest, transition from the ramp to the ground level, or continue on the ramp.
Remember, the landing is not part of the ramp slope, it should be at the top and bottom of all ramps, and at either end of any intermediate switchbacks or landings when the ramp rises more than 6 inches (15.24 cm) above grade.
- Flush landing:
- Extended landing:
- Switchback landing:
A flush landing is flush with the exterior grade and is often used in residential settings where wheelchairs or other mobility devices need a level surface to access the exterior level-entry door. A flush landing must be at least the width of the ramp and no less than 60 inches long, which is enough space for a wheelchair user to rest before attempting to open the door.
In contrast to a flush landing, an extended landing is level with the top of the ramp but extends beyond its width. It provides a wider, more stable area for users, especially those who need to navigate a turn around the platform or those who use mobility devices such as power wheelchairs or scooters. Extended landings are often used in commercial or public settings and are typically at least 60 inches square.
When a ramp transitions to a change in direction or level, a switchback landing is typically used. These types of landings provide users with a level area to turn around while ascending or descending the ramp, and they can be placed at intermediate locations where the ramp’s slope becomes steep. Switchback landings must be at least 60 inches square.
Circular Landings and Platforms
Circular landings and platforms are something to consider if you need to make a 90-degree turn or more. For example, if you are trying to navigate a large obstacle such as a deck, porch, or other structure, a circular landing or platform will provide a safe, stable area where you can change direction and continue your ascent or descent. These types of landings can either be flush or extended and should be at least 60 inches in diameter.
| Type of Landing | Minimum Area | Shape |
|---|---|---|
| Flush landing | Width of the ramp, no less than 60 inches long | Rectangular |
| Extended landing | At least 60 inches square | Square or rectangular |
| Switchback landing | At least 60 inches square | Square or rectangular |
| Circular landing/platform | At least 60 inches in diameter | Circular |
When it comes to landings and ramps, safety should always be your top priority. By choosing the right landing, you can ensure that users have a stable, level area to rest, turn, or transition between the ramp and the ground level.
DIY Tips for Building a Ramp with Landing
If you’re building a ramp for your home or business, it’s important to consider whether a landing is necessary. While ramps without landings are possible, they are not recommended for safety reasons. A landing at the top and bottom of a ramp provides a space for wheelchair users and others to safely transition to and from the ramp. Here are some DIY tips for building a ramp with landing:
Materials
- Concrete blocks
- Pressure-treated lumber
- Galvanized steel brackets
- Concrete mix
- Gravel
Design and Planning
Before you start building, you’ll need to measure the height of the rise (the distance from the lower level to the higher level) and the length of the ramp. Your ramp should have a slope of no more than 1:12 (one inch of rise for every 12 inches of ramp length). The landing should be at least as wide as the ramp and as long as needed to safely transition to the next level.
Draw a scale sketch of the ramp and landing, and determine the location of any railing supports, footings, or obstructing objects. Consider the direction of prevailing winds and the location of entrances and exits.
Construction
The ramp and landing should be constructed using pressure-treated lumber and galvanized steel brackets or connectors. The ramp should be built on the ground and then lifted into place. The landing should be poured on a level footing of compacted gravel. It’s important to follow local building codes and obtain any necessary permits before beginning construction.
Here’s an example of a materials list and estimated cost for a 6-foot ramp with a 4-foot landing:
| Item | Quantity | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Concrete blocks | 6 | $30 |
| Pressure-treated lumber | 25 | $125 |
| Galvanized steel brackets | 12 | $48 |
| Concrete mix | 5 bags | $50 |
| Gravel | 1 yard | $35 |
| Total | $288 |
Remember, safety comes first when building a ramp with landing. Take the time to plan and construct the ramp properly, and don’t hesitate to seek professional help if needed.
Common Mistakes to Avoid in Ramp and Landing Installation
Ramps are a necessity for creating accessibility in many spaces. However, installing a ramp can be a complex process with many potential pitfalls. The installation process for ramps and landings must meet specific guidelines, and certain mistakes can lead to safety hazards and non-compliance with regulations. Here are some common errors to watch out for when planning or installing a ramp and landing.
Not Providing Ample Landing Space
- One of the most significant mistakes you can make in ramp installation is not allowing enough space for landing at the top and bottom of the ramp.
- According to ADA guidelines, the minimum size for a landing should be the width of the ramp and at least 60 inches long.
- The landing should also be level with zero slope, providing enough space for two wheelchair users to pass each other or turn around comfortably.
Ignoring Slope Requirements
The slope of the ramp is another crucial aspect of installation. When it comes to slope, a few different factors come into play, including the rise and run of the ramp, the angle of the ramp, overall height, and total length of the ramp run.
The ADA guidelines specify that ramps should not exceed a slope of 1:12, which means that for every inch of height, you will need 12 inches of ramp length. Slopes steeper than 1:12 put individuals with mobility issues at risk and can be challenging to use safely.
Overlooking Handrail Requirements
Another common mistake in ramp and landing installation is overlooking handrail requirements. Handrails are essential for individuals with mobility disabilities to maintain balance and stability while using the ramp.
The ADA guidelines dictate that handrails must be between 34 and 38 inches in height and have a graspable surface that is easy to grip. Handrails must also be mounted securely to the wall or other support structure and extend the full length of the ramp.
Using Poor Quality Materials
The quality of ramp materials also plays a crucial role in ensuring safety and compliance with ADA guidelines. Using low-quality or inappropriate materials can lead to structural weaknesses and safety hazards. For example, outdoor ramps should be made of weather-resistant materials, and the surface should be slip-resistant to prevent falls.
Consulting with professionals regarding material selection is always advisable to ensure the suitability of materials based on the intended use and location of the ramp.
| Material Type | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Concrete | Durable and long-lasting, provides a non-slip surface | Expensive and challenging to install |
| Wood | Cost-effective and easy to install, can be stained or painted to match the surrounding area | Requires regular maintenance and may become slippery when wet |
| Aluminum | Lightweight and easy to install, resistant to rust and corrosion | May become slippery when wet, higher initial cost |
Final Thoughts
The installation of ramps and landings requires adherence to specific guidelines. The mistakes mentioned above can lead to non-compliance with regulations, safety hazards, and, in some cases, legal consequences. With proper planning, preparation, and attention to detail, you can ensure that your ramp installation project meets all necessary standards and provides safe and accessible access.
Maintenance and Repair of Ramps and Landings
Ramps and landings need proper maintenance and repair to ensure the safety of people using them, especially those with disabilities. For ramp maintenance, regular inspections should be done to assess its condition and prevent any damage or wear and tear. Ramp repair should be done as soon as possible to avoid any accidents or unnecessary expenses in the future.
- Regular inspections of ramps must be done to prevent any damage or wear and tear.
- Any damage found during inspections should be repaired immediately.
- The surface of the ramp must be maintained to prevent any slip and fall accidents.
One of the most common issues with ramps and landings is surface deterioration. This happens when the surface of the ramp or landing becomes rough, uneven, or cracked. This can lead to slip and fall accidents, especially during wet weather. To prevent this, the surface should be inspected regularly and repaired as necessary. A non-slip surface can be applied to the ramp to ensure safety.
Aside from surface inspections, the drainage system of the ramp should also be inspected. A clogged drainage system can cause water to accumulate on the surface of the ramp, which increases the risk of slip and fall accidents. Check for standing water or any signs of clogging. Once clogging is detected, have a professional unclog the drainage system or replace it if necessary.
| Issue | Repair |
|---|---|
| Cracks or holes in the ramp or landing | Fill the cracks or holes with concrete, apply non-slip surface if necessary. |
| Worn-out surface | Apply non-slip surface to prevent accidents. |
| Clogged drainage system | Have a professional unclog or replace the drainage system. |
Ramp and landing maintenance and repair should not be taken for granted. By ensuring their safety, people with disabilities can have better accessibility and mobility. Regular inspections, repairs, and maintenance can prevent accidents and unnecessary expenses.
FAQs About Do Ramps Need Landings
1. What is a ramp landing?
A ramp landing is a flat, level surface at the top and bottom of a ramp that provides a safe area for people to enter or exit the ramp.
2. Are ramp landings required by law?
Yes, ramp landings are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other building codes to ensure accessibility and safety for people with disabilities.
3. How big should a ramp landing be?
The minimum size for a ramp landing is 60 inches by 60 inches, but it may need to be larger depending on the width and slope of the ramp.
4. Can a ramp landing be shared by multiple ramps?
Yes, a ramp landing can be shared by multiple ramps if they are all leading to the same location and the landing is large enough to accommodate them.
5. Can a ramp landing be sloped?
No, a ramp landing must be flat and level to ensure accessibility and safety for people using wheelchairs or other mobility devices.
6. Do temporary ramp installations require landings?
Yes, even temporary ramp installations require ramp landings to ensure accessibility and safety for people with disabilities.
7. Can a ramp landing have a threshold?
No, a ramp landing must be flush with the surrounding surface to ensure accessibility and safety for people using mobility devices.
Closing Thoughts
Thank you for taking the time to read about the importance of ramp landings. By providing a safe and accessible area for people with disabilities to enter and exit a ramp, we can create a more inclusive and welcoming environment for everyone. For more information about accessibility and inclusion, please visit us again in the future.